横向
1
Ordinary written language
2
Author's attitude in writing
4
Ability to speak or write smoothly
5
Group of lines in a poem
6
Long heroic narrative poem
7
First version of a written work
8
Text beneath an image
9
Comparison using like or as
纵向
2
Central message of a story
3
Exact, not figurative meaning
5
Use of humor to criticize
10
Category of literary work
11
Direct comparison without like or as