横向
1
Person, place, or thing
3
Word ending added to change meaning
4
Descriptive language appealing to senses
7
Direct comparison without like or as
9
Imaginary stories
12
Rules of language structure
纵向
2
Object representing an idea
3
Time and place of a story
5
Group of lines in a poem
6
Long heroic narrative poem
8
Conversation in a story
10
Emotional atmosphere of a text
11
Group of words without a verb