横向
1
Long heroic narrative poem
3
First version of a written work
6
Group of words with subject and verb
7
Punctuation mark for pausing
9
Group of words without a verb
11
Word ending added to change meaning
纵向
2
Word choice in writing
4
Rules of language structure
5
Comparison using like or as
8
Japanese three-line poem
10
Central message of a story
11
Group of lines in a poem
12
Ability to speak or write smoothly