横向
1
Ability to speak or write smoothly
4
Author's attitude in writing
8
Action word in a sentence
9
First version of a written work
10
Object representing an idea
11
Person, place, or thing
纵向
2
Long work of fiction
3
Central message of a story
5
Saying the opposite of what you mean
6
Problem or struggle in a story
7
Surrounding information that adds meaning
12
Short analytical piece of writing