横向
1
Ordinary written language
3
Arrangement of words in a sentence
4
Central message of a story
7
Words with similar ending sounds
8
Use of humor to criticize
11
Emotional atmosphere of a text
12
Comparison using like or as
纵向
2
Conversation in a story
3
Time and place of a story
5
Text beneath an image
6
Traditional story about gods or heroes
9
Long work of fiction
10
Exact, not figurative meaning