横向
1
Arrangement of words in a sentence
3
Direct comparison without like or as
4
Distinctive style of a writer
6
Exact, not figurative meaning
纵向
1
Word ending added to change meaning
2
Ability to speak or write smoothly
3
Traditional story about gods or heroes
5
Descriptive language appealing to senses
7
Saying the opposite of what you mean
8
Rules of language structure