横向
1
Long heroic narrative poem
4
Category of literary work
6
First version of a written work
7
Exact, not figurative meaning
9
Word ending added to change meaning
11
Direct comparison without like or as
纵向
2
Sequence of events in a story
3
Central message of a story
5
Rules of language structure
8
Surrounding information that adds meaning
10
Ordinary written language
12
Word with opposite meaning