横向
1
Ordinary written language
4
Central message of a story
5
Word choice in writing
6
Comparison using like or as
7
Repetition of consonant sounds
纵向
2
Surrounding information that adds meaning
3
Author's attitude in writing
6
Use of humor to criticize
8
Distinctive style of a writer
9
Problem or struggle in a story
10
Exact, not figurative meaning