横向
1
Japanese three-line poem
3
Emotional atmosphere of a text
6
Direct comparison without like or as
7
Main idea being expressed
8
Rules of language structure
10
Ability to speak or write smoothly
纵向
2
Word choice in writing
4
Conversation in a story
5
Traditional story about gods or heroes
9
Group of words with subject and verb
11
Surrounding information that adds meaning