横向
1
Ordinary written language
2
Ability to speak or write smoothly
5
Exact, not figurative meaning
6
Use of humor to criticize
8
Conversation in a story
纵向
1
Group of words without a verb
2
Story with a moral lesson
3
Comparison using like or as
4
Main idea being expressed
7
Direct comparison without like or as
9
Short analytical piece of writing
10
Long work of fiction