横向
1
Word ending added to change meaning
3
Surrounding information that adds meaning
6
Emotional atmosphere of a text
7
Direct comparison without like or as
8
Long work of fiction
10
Group of words without a verb
11
Person telling the story
纵向
1
Use of humor to criticize
2
Text beneath an image
4
Japanese three-line poem
5
Object representing an idea
9
Descriptive language appealing to senses