横向
1
Exact, not figurative meaning
4
Person, place, or thing
5
Word choice in writing
7
Long heroic narrative poem
9
Central message of a story
11
Word with similar meaning
12
Rules of language structure
13
Comparison using like or as
15
Ordinary written language
纵向
2
Problem or struggle in a story
3
Use of humor to criticize
6
Conversation in a story
8
Direct comparison without like or as
10
Group of words without a verb
14
Main idea being expressed