横向
1
Emotional atmosphere of a text
3
Exact, not figurative meaning
4
Repetition of consonant sounds
8
Direct comparison without like or as
12
Ordinary written language
纵向
2
Person telling the story
5
Author's attitude in writing
6
Long heroic narrative poem
7
Japanese three-line poem
9
Word choice in writing
10
Conversation in a story
11
Repeating someone's exact words