横向
1
Main idea being expressed
2
Comparison using like or as
3
Story with a moral lesson
6
Person telling the story
7
Ability to speak or write smoothly
10
Central message of a story
11
Surrounding information that adds meaning
纵向
1
Ordinary written language
2
Time and place of a story
4
Turning point of a story
5
Exact, not figurative meaning
8
Traditional story about gods or heroes
9
Person, place, or thing