横向
1
Words with similar ending sounds
3
Comparison using like or as
4
Main idea being expressed
7
Emotional atmosphere of a text
10
Person telling the story
11
Direct comparison without like or as
纵向
2
Arrangement of words in a sentence
3
Time and place of a story
5
Word choice in writing
6
Surrounding information that adds meaning
8
Division of a book
9
Repeating someone's exact words
12
Exact, not figurative meaning