横向
1
Main idea being expressed
4
Punctuation mark for pausing
5
Arrangement of words in a sentence
9
Long heroic narrative poem
10
Exact, not figurative meaning
11
Descriptive language appealing to senses
12
Repeating someone's exact words
纵向
2
Surrounding information that adds meaning
3
Person telling the story
6
Word choice in writing
7
Sequence of events in a story
8
Rules of language structure