横向
1
Descriptive language appealing to senses
5
Surrounding information that adds meaning
9
Exact, not figurative meaning
10
Author's attitude in writing
纵向
2
Japanese three-line poem
3
Long heroic narrative poem
4
Word with similar meaning
6
Ability to speak or write smoothly
7
Turning point of a story
8
Time and place of a story
11
Saying the opposite of what you mean
12
Sequence of events in a story
13
Direct comparison without like or as