横向
1
Person telling the story
6
Surrounding information that adds meaning
7
Long heroic narrative poem
8
Group of lines in a poem
9
Word part added to the beginning
11
Central message of a story
纵向
2
Ordinary written language
3
Rules of language structure
4
Repeating someone's exact words
5
Author's attitude in writing
8
Object representing an idea
10
Direct comparison without like or as