横向
1
Rules of language structure
4
Imaginary stories
7
Descriptive language appealing to senses
10
Long heroic narrative poem
11
Punctuation mark for pausing
12
Time and place of a story
纵向
2
Comparison using like or as
3
Person telling the story
5
Direct comparison without like or as
6
Distinctive style of a writer
8
Conversation in a story
9
Surrounding information that adds meaning