横向
1
Use of humor to criticize
4
Imaginary stories
5
Emotional atmosphere of a text
7
Rules of language structure
10
Group of words with subject and verb
12
Descriptive language appealing to senses
纵向
2
Literary work with rhythm
3
Surrounding information that adds meaning
6
Punctuation mark for pausing
8
Word choice in writing
9
Words with similar ending sounds
11
Exact, not figurative meaning