横向
1
Long heroic narrative poem
4
Story with a moral lesson
5
Ability to speak or write smoothly
7
Exact, not figurative meaning
9
Imaginary stories
10
Group of lines in a poem
纵向
2
Problem or struggle in a story
3
Long work of fiction
6
Sequence of events in a story
8
Direct comparison without like or as
11
Ordinary written language
12
Word ending added to change meaning