横向
1
Main idea being expressed
3
Group of words with subject and verb
7
Group of words without a verb
9
Comparison using like or as
10
Word choice in writing
12
Direct comparison without like or as
纵向
2
Ability to speak or write smoothly
4
Time and place of a story
5
Author's attitude in writing
6
Words with similar ending sounds
8
Long heroic narrative poem
11
Surrounding information that adds meaning