横向
1
Person, place, or thing
4
Ordinary written language
6
Surrounding information that adds meaning
7
Conversation in a story
9
Story with a moral lesson
10
Rules of language structure
12
Saying the opposite of what you mean
纵向
2
Word ending added to change meaning
3
Author's attitude in writing
5
Person who writes a book
8
Japanese three-line poem
11
Person telling the story