横向
1
Japanese three-line poem
4
Direct comparison without like or as
5
Word with opposite meaning
10
Story with a moral lesson
11
Author's attitude in writing
纵向
2
Word choice in writing
3
Group of words without a verb
6
Object representing an idea
7
Literary work with rhythm
8
Rules of language structure
9
Exact, not figurative meaning
11
Central message of a story