横向
1
Descriptive language appealing to senses
3
Problem or struggle in a story
4
Use of humor to criticize
5
Group of lines in a poem
纵向
2
Rules of language structure
3
Group of words with subject and verb
6
Long heroic narrative poem
7
Saying the opposite of what you mean
8
Arrangement of words in a sentence
9
Surrounding information that adds meaning